We own farm ground a combination of row crop, native hay meadows and pasture ground. Cash rents run 2.5-3 times taxes and insurance costs per year. Depending on the land you invest in it can be profitable but compared to stock market returns it’s a fraction of the return to capital invested. Let’s say you buy a mile section at $1,900,000.00 or $3000 an acre farm rent if it’s rentable $30,000 taxes/insurance $10,000 profit $20,000 a year. Same $1,900,000.00 in stock market times conservative 8% rate of return $150,000 a year. Now the ground will generally appreciate in value but is it going to appreciate $130,000 per year. Let’s do a single family home next. Purchase home $100,000.00 x 1% = $1000 monthly rent
$12,000 a year in rent
$1200 in taxes/insurance
$1200 in upkeep.
Net $9000 a year much closer to a stock market type return but there is management involved that can be a huge headache at times. Single family homes do also appreciate in value so you do gain some there also. I will add that I’ve own multi-family units in the past and will never again own one management is a nightmare.
I own all these investments in real life this isn’t an exercise in academics for me. I didn’t dig out my tax returns for actual numbers but you get the idea.