"Threaded barrel" - as I understand it, this means the barrel is threaded to the receiver/action assembly. I am not sure why it would matter if it is threaded or not - other than in a case where you may want to replace the barrel at some point......which would be very unlikely for me. Some folks seem to be pushing it as a sign of quality....and I am not sure I understand why.
I understand threaded barrel as threads on the end for attachment of flash and sound suppressors.
Barrel bedding - some are free floating barrels (which I understand), others have different methods ("glass") and I am not sure I understand why one is better than the other. I always thought "free floating" was what you wanted that way the stock and the like didn't impact the barrel....but again maybe that school of thought has changed as well.
The way I picture this is bedding or free floating affect a series of shots. Ie - point of impact can walk if as the barrel heats up. For the purpose of hunting I figure only the first shot counts. I don't worry about it.
I am not sure I am a fan of a rotary style magazine as well (Ruger). ALL my other guns are true in-line, stack type magazines and I have never had an issue.
Single shots don't worry about magazines or number of lugs. ;)
Barrel length - I know what it is obviously, but I am seeing barrel length range from 18" to 26". Back when I was more into guns barrel length was a double edged sword....the more length meant more stability for longer range accuracy AND ensured the powder charge fully was spent inside the barrel. However too much barrel was just difficult to contend with, but too short of a barrel meant a loss in long range accuracy, but easier to use in tight spaces. For a 308.....is a 26" barrel really needed and is a 18" barrel robbing the cartridge of performance? Most seem to be in the 22" length.
Modern powders burn pretty quick. I like a short barrel for carry purposes but don't like the loudness of them. For my needs a long barrel does not eck out enough performance to justify the added bulk.
Lastly I am finding that the basic synthetic stock just doesn't feel right. It feels cheap and just "wrong" to me. I have 3 other guns with synthetic stocks (22LR, 11-87 & CVA muzzleloader) but for some reason it just feels "wrong" on a true rifle to me for some reason. So I envision I will get a wood stock or an aftermarket one.....or maybe a Houge style one. I am not sure why I am hung up on this, but it was simply the first thing I noticed and gave a poor first impression of the gun.
I'm 100% a fan of wood stocks. They can change more due to moisture variations and stuff like that, but not enough to limit my shooting abilities. Like you said; they just feel better.